Scientific contexts in a variety of distinctive and important ways Nonetheless, underdetermination has been thought to arise in Them to support, with radically different consequences for the course Inductive generalizations quite different from those we usually take The evidence we now have could equally well be taken to support (1955) “New Riddle of Induction” turns on the idea that Just the same if they were caused by this Evil Demon rather than anĮxternal world of tables and chairs. Underdetermination: he notes that all our sensory experiences would be Descartes’ challenge essentially appeals to a form of There might be an all-powerful Evil Demon who sought only to deceive René Descartes ( 1996) famously sought to doubt any andĪll of his beliefs which could possibly be doubted by supposing that Seen in classical skeptical attacks on our knowledge more generally. Is not limited only to scientific contexts, as is perhaps most readily The scope of the epistemic challenge arising from underdetermination A First Look: Duhem, Quine, and the Problems of Underdetermination Surface of the various ways in which problems of underdeterminationĬan arise in the course of scientific investigation.ġ. Turns out that this simple and familiar predicament only scratches the Should believe about the causal relationship between the two. So a highĬorrelation between cartoon viewing and violent playground behavior isĮvidence that (by itself) simply underdetermines what we Parental neglect or excessive consumption of Twinkies). More than other children, or if propensities to violence and increasedĬartoon viewing are both caused by some third factor (like general But that is also what we would expect to find ifĬhildren who are prone to violence tend to enjoy and seek out cartoons Of cartoons causes children to be more violent in their playgroundīehavior, then we should (barring complications) expect to find aĬorrelation between levels of cartoon viewing and violent playgroundīehavior.
A simple scientific example can beįound in the rationale behind the sensible methodological adage that Oranges cost $2, then I know that you did not buy six oranges, but Iĭo not know whether you bought one orange and eight apples, two You spent $10 on apples and oranges and that apples cost $1 while
In a textbook example, if all I know is that Given time may be insufficient to determine what beliefs we should At the heart of the underdetermination of scientific theory byĮvidence is the simple idea that the evidence available to us at a
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